Understanding Old Testament Typology

Study Notes

Types can function both in the positive and negative sense: all human types are eventually fulfilled in Christ, and as will be seen in Adam, a type in the negative sense is always used to highlight the superiority and perfection of Christ.

Here, functionality refers to the way in which the type acts, that is mirrored by Christ who acts in the same way. The similarities exist to reinforce the type, but do not necessarily carry with them doctrinal weight. For example, Moses and Jesus are both saved by fleeing into Egypt, though the event of going into Egypt itself doesn't add to nor detract from the function of each being mediator of their respective testaments. Similarities will also include dissimilarities if the type is of the negative variety.

Category 1. Adam 2. Noah 3. Joseph 4. Moses Deut 18:15
Fulfilment
Jesus Christ
Sense
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Perfection
Functionality

The source of life; the progenitor of physical life.

Through a single man who finds favor with God, humanity (and all of the animal kingdom) is saved from the absolute destruction necessitated by sin.

Saves the nation of Israel [by extension of the saving of the heads of the 12 Tribes during drought].

Other Similarities / Dissimilarities
  • Similarity: No earthly parentage (no father).
  • Dissimilarity: Through him, sin enters the world, and through Christ is mankind saved.
  • Amongst all other humans contemporary to himself, he alone “walked with God” (Genesis 6:9).
  • Rejected by his family.
  • Is saved by being brought into Egypt.
  • Is compassionate instead of vengeful.
Application